Cấu tạo và chức năng hệ thống gan mật

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M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y gan ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t su\u1ed1t 24h, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. 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T\u00fai m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00fai nh\u1ecf, n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi gan, v\u00f9ng b\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u1ea3i. T\u00fai m\u1eadt c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 80 - 100mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang trong kho\u1ea3ng 30 - 40mm.\n\nT\u00fai m\u1eadt g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n, \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00fai m\u1eadt. \u1ede h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed5 t\u00fai m\u1eadt g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00fai m\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng m\u1eadt ch\u1ee7."},"target":"Transform\/Liver and Gallbladder\/Gallbladder","view":{"camera":{"position":[-0.550130307674408,29.31014060974121,-27.82862091064453],"orientation":[0,0,0],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"annotation":0,"annotations":[],"visibleAnimation":{"Animations":["Explode","Unexplode","ARExplode","ARUnexplode"]},"LoopAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedStructure":{"Structures":[]},"models":[],"image360":{"id":"","name":"","url":"","thumbnail":"","annotationIds":[],"activityIds":[],"activityFlagIds":[],"view":{"camera":{"position":[],"orientation":[],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"models":[],"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},"quizzes":[]},"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},{"id":"6724","title":"Gan","thumbnail":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/6724.jpg","local":""},"type":7,"score":0,"asset":"0","data":{"url":"","is360":false,"timelimit":0,"question":"","answers":[],"location":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/Gan6724.wav","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/6724"},"narration":{"remote":"","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/6724\/Gan6724.wav"},"textToSpeech":{"voidId":"N\u1eef mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc","languageCode":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1","text":"Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, gan l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai (sau da), n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, ph\u00eda b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Gan chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng trong khoang b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 2 ph\u00fat th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n qua gan m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Gan \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (glucid, lipid, protid), d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef (m\u00e1u, glucid, s\u1eaft, vitamin b\u00ea m\u01b0\u1eddi hai), ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1eadt.\n"},"target":"Transform\/Liver and Gallbladder\/Liver","view":{"camera":{"position":[-0.5516645312309265,29.330093383789062,-27.92426109313965],"orientation":[0,0,0],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"annotation":0,"annotations":[],"visibleAnimation":{"Animations":["Explode","Unexplode","ARExplode","ARUnexplode"]},"LoopAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedStructure":{"Structures":[]},"models":[],"image360":{"id":"","name":"","url":"","thumbnail":"","annotationIds":[],"activityIds":[],"activityFlagIds":[],"view":{"camera":{"position":[],"orientation":[],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"models":[],"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},"quizzes":[]},"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},{"id":"7010","title":"M\u1eadt","thumbnail":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/7010.jpg","local":""},"type":11,"score":0,"asset":"0","data":{"url":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/images\/cau_tao_mat(2).jpg","is360":false,"timelimit":0,"question":"","answers":[],"location":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/7010.wav","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/7010"},"narration":{"remote":"","local":""},"textToSpeech":{"voidId":"N\u1eef mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc","languageCode":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1","text":"M\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i gan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i t\u00fai m\u1eadt. M\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong su\u1ed1t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng, t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh t\u1edbi m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i m\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50% c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra trong m\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt (bilirubin), cholesterol, lecithin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 N\u1edd a c\u1ed9ng, Kali c\u1ed9ng, Canxi hai c\u1ed9ng, C\u1edd lo tr\u1eeb, HCO3-."},"target":"Transform","view":{"camera":{"position":[3.563014507293701,28.6595401763916,9.821601867675781],"orientation":[1.6476432085037231,218.9994354248047,357.48333740234375],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"annotation":0,"annotations":[],"visibleAnimation":{"Animations":["Explode","Unexplode","ARExplode","ARUnexplode"]},"LoopAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedStructure":{"Structures":[]},"models":[],"image360":{"id":"","name":"","url":"","thumbnail":"","annotationIds":[],"activityIds":[],"activityFlagIds":[],"view":{"camera":{"position":[],"orientation":[],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"models":[],"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},"quizzes":[]},"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},{"id":"6007","title":"S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt","thumbnail":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/6007.jpg","local":""},"type":7,"score":0,"asset":"0","data":{"url":"","is360":false,"timelimit":0,"question":"","answers":[],"location":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/Sactomat6007.wav","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/6007"},"narration":{"remote":"","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/6007\/Sactomat6007.wav"},"textToSpeech":{"voidId":"N\u1eef mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc","languageCode":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1","text":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o li\u00ean v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00fap ph\u01a1 c\u1ee7a gan s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb hemoglobin trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u \u1edf gan.\n\nS\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ru\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bilirubin li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong ru\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh stercobilin c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a n\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng.\n\nKhi s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ru\u1ed9t (do t\u1eafc m\u1eadt hay x\u01a1 gan,..), s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u1ee9 l\u1ea1i trong m\u00e1u l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng."},"target":"Transform","view":{"camera":{"position":[1.9914227724075317,30.211570739746094,23.70860481262207],"orientation":[359.2959289550781,198.89776611328125,357.7204895019531],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"annotation":0,"annotations":[],"visibleAnimation":{"Animations":["Explode","Unexplode","ARExplode","ARUnexplode"]},"LoopAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedStructure":{"Structures":[]},"models":[],"image360":{"id":"","name":"","url":"","thumbnail":"","annotationIds":[],"activityIds":[],"activityFlagIds":[],"view":{"camera":{"position":[],"orientation":[],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"models":[],"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},"quizzes":[]},"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},{"id":"4233","title":"S\u1ef1 b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t m\u1eadt","thumbnail":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/4233.jpg","local":""},"type":7,"score":0,"asset":"0","data":{"url":"","is360":false,"timelimit":0,"question":"","answers":[],"location":{"remote":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/edu-file\/lesson\/unity\/Subaixuatmat4233.wav","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/4233"},"narration":{"remote":"","local":"\/idbfs\/25c32c70848653cfb998e975c2dd6341\/2578\/4233\/Subaixuatmat4233.wav"},"textToSpeech":{"voidId":"N\u1eef mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc","languageCode":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1","text":"B\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t m\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u00fai m\u1eadt v\u00e0o t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y co b\u00f3p t\u00fai m\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng oddi.\n\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea7n kinh: Khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh ru\u1ed9t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft cetylcholin, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00fai m\u1eadt co l\u1ea1i b\u01a1m m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng. Khi ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 co b\u00f3p t\u00fai m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t.\n\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch: Khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0o t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean h\u1ed7ng tr\u00e0ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m co b\u00f3p t\u00fai m\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hormon cholecyskinin. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m co b\u00f3p t\u00fai m\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng oddi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng. Khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u00edt m\u1ee1, s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m."},"target":"Transform","view":{"camera":{"position":[-0.22583645582199097,23.412412643432617,49.208866119384766],"orientation":[354.29052734375,184.99871826171875,1.8970437049865723],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"annotation":0,"annotations":[],"visibleAnimation":{"Animations":["Explode","Unexplode","ARExplode","ARUnexplode"]},"LoopAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedAnimation":{"Animations":[]},"removedStructure":{"Structures":[]},"models":[],"image360":{"id":"","name":"","url":"","thumbnail":"","annotationIds":[],"activityIds":[],"activityFlagIds":[],"view":{"camera":{"position":[],"orientation":[],"scale":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"models":[],"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}},"quizzes":[]},"blockCode":{"remote":"","local":""}}],"slides":[],"image360s":[],"lightingSettings":{"fogColor":""},"activityFlags":[],"image360CreateVer":"","image360UpdatedVer":"","upload":[],"category":"32","status":2,"grade":"7","des":"","promote":"0","node_uid":"119","old_nid":"2578","categoryName":"Sinh h\u1ecdc","thumb":{"thumb_image":{"tmp_name":"https:\/\/educationxr.vn\/sites\/default\/files\/qimv_rtey_220113.jpg","name":"qimv_rtey_220113.jpg"}}}